Note: Reduction by addition of hydride ion equivalents

Note: Reduction by addition of hydride ion equivalents

Note: Reduction by addition of hydride ion equivalent

Note: LiAlH₄ is a strong reducing agent that will completely reduce all carbonyls and carboxylic acid derivatives.

Note: In general, a strong reducing agent like LiAlH4 reduces carboxylic acid derivatives to primary alcohols.

Note: Amides are reduced to amines rather than alcohols.

Note: Nitriles are reduced to primary amines instead of alcohols.

Note: Primary amines can be prepared by reduction of nitriles.

Note: Primary amides can be reduced to primary amines.

Note: Higher order amides can be reduced to form higher order amines.